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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

Preschool executive functioning abilities predict early mathematics achievement.

Caron A C Clark1, Verena E Pritchard1, Lianne J Woodward1

  • 1Canterbury Child Development Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury.

Developmental Psychology
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preschool executive function skills, including set shifting and inhibitory control, significantly predict later mathematical achievement in children. Early assessment of these executive functions may help identify students at risk for math difficulties.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Executive function impairments are linked to math difficulties in school-age children.
  • The predictive role of preschool executive function for later math achievement is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between executive function abilities at age 4 and mathematical achievement at age 6.
  • To determine if early executive function predicts math skills beyond general cognitive ability and reading.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective longitudinal study of 104 children from ages 2 to 6.
  • Assessed executive function (planning, set shifting, inhibitory control) at age 4 using tasks and teacher ratings (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool).
  • Measured mathematical achievement at age 6 via clinical and classroom assessments.

Main Results:

  • Preschool set shifting, inhibitory control, and executive behavior significantly predicted mathematical achievement at age 6.
  • These associations remained significant after controlling for general cognitive ability and reading achievement.
  • Early executive function measures explained substantial variance in early math skills.

Conclusions:

  • Early executive function abilities are important predictors of later mathematical achievement.
  • Executive function assessment in preschool may identify children at risk for math learning difficulties.
  • Scaffolding executive skills could enhance early mathematics education.