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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

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Sálvese Quien Pueda: Structural Adjustment and Emigration from Lima.

Douglas S Massey, Chiara Capoferro

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

|September 9, 2010

Summary

Peru

Area of Science:

Socioeconomics
International Migration Studies
Economic Policy Analysis

Background:

Peru implemented neoliberal structural adjustment policies starting in 1987.
Pre-1987 economic policies (import substitution industrialization) offered stable employment and higher wages.
Economic shifts under neoliberalism led to decreased employment and wages, impacting living standards.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the impact of Peru's neoliberal structural adjustment on international migration patterns.
To understand the changing motivations for emigration among Peruvians.
To assess how economic policy changes influenced labor market diversification and migration selectivity.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of migration trends before and after 1987.

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Examination of household labor portfolio diversification strategies.

Assessment of human capital selectivity in international migration.

Main Results:

Neoliberal policies increased the likelihood of international migration from Peru.
Migration motivations shifted from earnings improvement to basic livelihood sustenance.
Increased diversity in destination countries and reduced human capital selectivity among migrants.

Conclusions:

Structural adjustment in Peru significantly altered international migration dynamics.
Economic hardship under neoliberalism drove increased and less selective migration.
Household migration strategies became crucial for economic survival.