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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions
12:25

Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions

Published on: April 20, 2010

Epithelial crosstalk at the microbiota-mucosal interface.

Jerry M Wells1, Oriana Rossi, Marjolein Meijerink

  • 1Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands. jerry.wells@wur.nl

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to recognize gut bacteria. This recognition maintains host-bacterial symbiosis and gut barrier function, preventing harmful inflammation.

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Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions
12:25

Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions

Published on: April 20, 2010

Immunocompetent Intestine-on-Chip Model for Analyzing Gut Mucosal Immune Responses
08:48

Immunocompetent Intestine-on-Chip Model for Analyzing Gut Mucosal Immune Responses

Published on: May 24, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are crucial for sensing gut microbes.
  • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), mediate this sensing.
  • Dysregulated responses to commensals can lead to inflammation and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of how IECs recognize commensals.
  • To explain the mechanisms by which IECs maintain host-bacterial symbiosis.
  • To highlight the role of PRR signaling in IECs for maintaining gut homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IEC-microbe interactions.
  • Analysis of studies on PRR signaling pathways in the gut epithelium.
  • Examination of knockout mouse models to understand TLR signaling in homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • IECs express various PRRs (TLRs, NLRs) to detect microbes.
  • Adapted PRR signaling in the gut prevents excessive inflammation against commensals.
  • IECs maintain barrier function (e.g., sIgA production) and regulate mucosal immunity.

Conclusions:

  • IEC recognition of microbes is essential for maintaining gut homeostasis.
  • Epithelial PRR signaling plays a beneficial role in host-bacterial symbiosis.
  • IECs actively shape the mucosal immune environment to tolerate commensals.