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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Pan-lyssavirus Real Time RT-PCR for Rabies Diagnosis
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Published on: July 10, 2019

Quantifying antigenic relationships among the lyssaviruses.

D L Horton1, L M McElhinney, D A Marston

  • 1Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK. d.horton@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk

Journal of Virology
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Antigenic mapping reveals significant differences between lyssavirus genetic and antigenic distances, impacting vaccine effectiveness. This study provides a quantitative approach to understand lyssavirus variation and predict immune globulin efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lyssaviruses cause fatal encephalitis, with antigenic variation affecting vaccine efficacy.
  • Current methods struggle to quantitatively characterize lyssaviral antigenic differences.
  • Sequence analysis alone is insufficient for detailed antigenic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a high-resolution antigenic map of 25 lyssaviruses using advanced analyses.
  • To compare antigenic distances with viral glycoprotein ectodomain sequence data.
  • To assess the predictability of antigenic variation from genetic data and validate animal models for human antigenic variation.

Main Methods:

  • State-of-the-art antigenic analyses to map 25 global lyssaviruses.
  • Comparison of calculated antigenic distances with viral glycoprotein ectodomain sequences.

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  • Quantitative assessment of antigenic relationships using rabbit, mouse, and human sera.

    • Main Results:

    • 67% of antigenic variation was predictable from glycoprotein amino acid sequences.
    • Substantial differences exist between genetic and antigenic distances for some lyssaviruses.
    • Epidemiologically important antigenic differences were found between vaccine and wild-type rabies viruses.
    • Nonhuman animal sera accurately reflect human antigenic variation.
    • Reactivity of immune globulin against divergent lyssaviruses can be predicted.

    Conclusions:

    • Relying solely on sequence data for antigenic relationships carries risks due to observed genetic-antigenic discrepancies.
    • The antigenic map provides a quantitative framework for understanding lyssavirus diversity and vaccine efficacy.
    • Findings validate animal models for human antigenic variation studies and inform immune globulin development for rabies postexposure prophylaxis.