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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Infantile hemangioma: an update.

Vibhu Mendiratta1, Masarat Jabeen

  • 1Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India. vibhumendiratta@rediffmail.com

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are benign vascular tumors in infants. Early recognition and understanding of their pathogenesis and complications are crucial for effective management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric vascular anomalies
  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign vascular tumors in infants.
  • They undergo rapid growth followed by spontaneous involution.
  • Complications range from minor issues to life-threatening conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in infantile hemangioma understanding.
  • To cover pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in infantile hemangioma research.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in nomenclature, pathogenesis, and immunohistochemistry.
  • Improved diagnostic workup and diverse therapeutic options available.
  • Recognition of associated syndromes and potential complications is vital.

Conclusions:

  • Current understanding of infantile hemangioma pathogenesis has advanced.
  • Comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are evolving.
  • Multidisciplinary approach is key for optimal patient outcomes.