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[Pathogenesis and morphogenesis of candidiasis in immunosuppression]
Abstract:
In this review, the peculiarities of etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of candidiasis in immunosuppression (IS) are discussed. It is noted that in mycotic complications of IS, along with C. albicans other less pathogenic Candida species play increasingly important etiological role. Sequential analysis of development and clinical course of candidiasis reveals that IS has profound effect on the different pathomorphogenetic stages, including fungal adherence to the epithelial surfaces, invasion in the host tissues, hematogenous dissemination and formation of secondary lesions, as well as on histo- and organ pathology, tissue and cellular responses to the pathogen.
Insights
This review explores candidiasis in immunosuppression (IS), highlighting the growing role of less pathogenic Candida species. Immunosuppression significantly impacts fungal adherence, invasion, dissemination, and host responses in candidiasis development.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Immunology
- Pathology
Background:
- Candidiasis is a significant opportunistic infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- Candida albicans has historically been the primary pathogen, but other species are emerging.
- Immunosuppression (IS) profoundly alters the host-pathogen interaction in candidiasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the specific etiological, pathogenetic, and morphogenetic aspects of candidiasis in the context of immunosuppression.
- To highlight the changing landscape of Candida species involved in opportunistic infections.
- To elucidate the impact of IS on the sequential stages of candidiasis development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on candidiasis in immunosuppressed patients.
- Analysis of etiological factors, pathogenesis, and morphogenesis.
- Sequential analysis of clinical course and pathomorphogenetic stages.
Main Results:
- Non-albicans Candida species are increasingly implicated in mycotic complications of IS.
- Immunosuppression affects all pathomorphogenetic stages of candidiasis.
- IS influences fungal adherence, tissue invasion, hematogenous spread, and secondary lesion formation.
- Host responses, including histo- and organ pathology, are significantly altered by IS.
Conclusions:
- The etiology of candidiasis in IS is evolving, with a greater role for less pathogenic Candida species.
- Immunosuppression fundamentally alters the pathogenesis and progression of candidiasis.
- Understanding these IS-driven changes is crucial for managing candidiasis in vulnerable populations.