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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Measuring Constipation in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease
03:20

Measuring Constipation in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: September 22, 2023

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Ronald F Pfeiffer1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. rpfeiffer@uthsc.edu

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|September 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease, affecting all digestive system levels. This dysfunction involves both the central and enteric nervous systems, leading to various symptoms.

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Assessing Gastrointestinal Motility in Caenorhabditis elegans RAC1/CED-10 Mutants as a Tool to Study Early Parkinson's Disease
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Assessing Gastrointestinal Motility in Caenorhabditis elegans RAC1/CED-10 Mutants as a Tool to Study Early Parkinson's Disease

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Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

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Assessing Gastrointestinal Motility in Caenorhabditis elegans RAC1/CED-10 Mutants as a Tool to Study Early Parkinson's Disease
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Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
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Published on: October 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized to involve widespread non-motor symptoms.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a significant and prevalent non-motor manifestation in PD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • To elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involving the central and enteric nervous systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on GI dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms linking PD to GI abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD affects multiple levels, from the mouth to the anorectum.
  • Observed dysfunctions include weight loss, dysphagia, gastroparesis, constipation, and anorectal issues.
  • Pathophysiology involves both central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) disruptions.

Conclusions:

  • Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a pervasive issue in Parkinson's disease.
  • Understanding the CNS and ENS involvement is crucial for managing PD-related GI symptoms.