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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

APOBEC-1-mediated RNA editing.

Valerie Blanc1, Nicholas O Davidson1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian RNA editing modifies RNA sequences, notably cytosine to uracil (C to U) editing. This review focuses on Apobec-1

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification altering nucleotide sequences.
  • Mammalian RNA editing includes insertion-deletional and substitutional types.
  • Cytosine to uracil (C to U) RNA editing is a mammalian-specific substitutional process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mammalian C to U RNA editing, focusing on apolipoproteinB (apoB) RNA.
  • To examine the role of the catalytic deaminase Apobec-1 in this process.
  • To explore potential functions of Apobec-1 beyond C to U RNA editing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mammalian C to U RNA editing.
  • Analysis of the role of Apobec-1 in apoB RNA editing.
  • Discussion of Apobec-1's interaction with AU-rich RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Apobec-1 is the key enzyme in mammalian C to U RNA editing of apoB RNA.
  • Apobec-1's ability to bind AU-rich RNAs suggests functions beyond canonical RNA editing.
  • Dysregulation of Apobec-1 may link to carcinogenesis via aberrant RNA editing or stability.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian C to U RNA editing, particularly of apoB RNA by Apobec-1, is a critical regulatory mechanism.
  • Apobec-1's broader functions and its dysregulation's role in cancer warrant further investigation.
  • Understanding Apobec-1 is crucial for insights into RNA editing and its implications in disease.