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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Probing local innate immune responses after mucosal immunisation.

Lindsay J Hall1, Simon Clare, Gordon Dougan

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK. l.hall@ucc.ie.

Journal of Immune Based Therapies and Vaccines
|September 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Intranasal immunization effectively stimulates innate immune cells in the upper respiratory tract, leading to a TH1 immune response. This research aids in optimizing mucosal vaccine development for infectious agents.

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Published on: June 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Intranasal immunization offers a promising route for inducing both mucosal and systemic immunity.
  • Understanding early innate immune responses is crucial for developing effective mucosal vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early innate immune responses in mucosal tissues following intranasal immunization.
  • To evaluate antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Balb/c mice were intranasally immunized with heat-labile toxin and Ag85B-ESAT6.
  • Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to analyze immune cell populations and activation markers.
  • Antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Significant changes in dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils were observed within 5 hours post-immunization.
  • Rapid, transient increases in immune cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles were noted.
  • Increased expression of cell adhesion molecules correlated with TH1 immune response induction.

Conclusions:

  • Intranasal immunization triggers complex innate immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.
  • These findings provide insights for enhancing the efficacy of mucosal vaccines against infectious diseases.