Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluating Mucosal and Systemic Immunity in an Observational Cohort of South African Children Hospitalised with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

A Urine Tenofovir Point-of-Care Assay Facilitates Positive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Discussions Among People Living With HIV and Healthcare Providers-A Mixed-Methods Evaluation in Cape Town, South Africa.

Journal of the International AIDS Society·2026
Same author

Neonatal HIV prophylaxis is associated with accelerated presentation and clinical progression of MPV17-related mitochondrial neurohepatopathy.

BMC pediatrics·2026
Same author

Comparative metabolic profiling of pediatric cerebrospinal fluid reveals disease-specific biomarkers in HIV and TB meningitis.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Understanding ischemia in children with tuberculous meningitis (iThemba): a protocol paper.

BMC pediatrics·2026
Same author

Principles and priorities for integrated tuberculosis screening and care: A modified Delphi consensus exercise.

PLOS global public health·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

Acute extrapyramidal dysfunction in two HIV-infected children.

Regan Solomons1, Amy Slogrove, Johan Schoeman

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. regan@sun.ac.za

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|September 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy can cause severe movement disorders in children, affecting the basal ganglia. Early diagnosis and monitoring using MRI are crucial for managing these neurological complications.

More Related Videos

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Basal ganglia involvement is common in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy, often associated with calcification.
  • While HIV proteins are found in affected basal ganglia, extrapyramidal dysfunction is less frequent in children than adults.

Observation:

  • This study details two HIV-infected children presenting with acute, severe extrapyramidal dysfunction.
  • Clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and outcomes were documented for these cases.

Findings:

  • The cases underscore the link between immune status, opportunistic infections, and the manifestation of movement disorders in HIV-infected children.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is vital for assessing severity and predicting outcomes of neurological complications.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of comprehensive assessment, including HIV testing for children of infected mothers.
  • Emphasizes the role of MRI in evaluating and anticipating outcomes of movement disorders in pediatric HIV.
  • Suggests that immune competence and co-infections significantly influence the presentation of neurological symptoms.