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Related Concept Videos

Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.Gene flow and natural selection are evolutionary mechanisms that shape the outcome of a hybrid zone. Gene flow...
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films
12:22

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Published on: November 9, 2015

Does speciation matter for tungsten ecotoxicology?

Nikolay Strigul1

  • 1Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA. nstrigul@stevens.edu

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|September 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tungsten

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Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron (Oxy)Hydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria

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Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Tungsten is a widely used transition metal with largely unknown ecotoxicological effects.
  • Tungsten anions polymerize into polyoxoanions in environmental and biological systems.
  • Current tungsten toxicology data relies on monotungstates, potentially misrepresenting actual effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing toxicological data on tungsten speciation.
  • To highlight the importance of polyoxotungstates in ecotoxicology.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in tungsten ecotoxicology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing toxicological studies on tungsten.
  • Analysis of recent findings on tungsten speciation in environmental and biological systems.
  • Comparison of toxicity data between monotungstates and polyoxotungstates.

Main Results:

  • Polyoxotungstates form and persist in environmental systems.
  • Polyoxotungstates exhibit significantly higher toxicity compared to monotungstates.
  • Existing toxicological data may be limited by the assumption of monotungstate presence.

Conclusions:

  • Tungsten speciation is critical for understanding its ecotoxicological impact.
  • Polyoxotungstates represent a more significant ecotoxicological risk than previously assumed.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific effects of different tungsten species.