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Related Concept Videos

Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint Vincent in...
Degree of Unsaturation02:05

Degree of Unsaturation

The degree of unsaturation (U), or index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), is defined as the difference in the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms between the compound and the acyclic alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Each double bond or ring costs two hydrogen atoms compared to a saturated analog and results in one degree of unsaturation.
The degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons is U = (2C + 2 − H) / 2, where C is the number of carbon atoms and H is the number of hydrogen atoms.
For...
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
Modeling and Similitude01:12

Modeling and Similitude

Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those aschematic for...
Second Uniqueness Theorem01:16

Second Uniqueness Theorem

Consider a region consisting of several individual conductors with a definite charge density in the region between these conductors. The second uniqueness theorem states that if the total charge on each conductor and the charge density in the in-between region are known, then the electric field can be uniquely determined.
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the surface...

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Related Experiment Videos

Exploiting UMLS semantics for checking semantic consistency among UMLS concepts.

Halit Erdogan1, Esra Erdem, Olivier Bodenreider

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Turkey.

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|September 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Semantic inconsistency in Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) concepts was quantified. While many hierarchical relations show semantic differences, these often do not indicate errors but can reveal incorrect synonymy.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Ontology Engineering

Background:

  • The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus integrates diverse biomedical vocabularies.
  • Hierarchical relationships within ontologies are crucial for knowledge representation.
  • Semantic consistency is vital for accurate information retrieval and analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify semantic inconsistency within UMLS Metathesaurus hierarchical relationships.
  • To explore how semantically inconsistent concepts can identify erroneous synonymy.
  • To analyze the nature of semantic differences in concept hierarchies.

Main Methods:

  • Defined semantic inconsistency based on concept semantic groups within the UMLS Metathesaurus.
  • Evaluated consistency by comparing semantic groups of hierarchically related concept pairs.
  • Conducted manual inspection of a subset of inconsistent concepts.

Main Results:

  • Identified 81,512 concepts with semantic group differences between a concept and its parent.
  • Observed that most inconsistent hierarchical relations do not signify errors.
  • Presented four illustrative examples of incorrect synonymy identified through semantic inconsistency.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of semantic inconsistencies in UMLS hierarchies do not represent errors.
  • A distinct semantic pattern was identified in hierarchies, potentially linked to erroneous synonymy.
  • This study provides insights into the structure and potential issues within biomedical terminologies.