Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Induction and Diagnosis of Tumors in Drosophila Imaginal Disc Epithelia
08:14

Induction and Diagnosis of Tumors in Drosophila Imaginal Disc Epithelia

Published on: July 25, 2017

Tumor Suppressor RARRES1 Regulates DLG2, PP2A, VCP, EB1, and Ankrd26

Ziad J Sahab1, Michael D Hall, Lihua Zhang

  • 11. Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Washington, DC, 20007, USA;

Journal of Cancer
|September 16, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder (RARRES1) is a potential tumor suppressor. Its knockdown in prostate cells altered proteins involved in cell growth, autophagy, and mitosis, suggesting new roles in cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder (RARRES1) is a gene regulated by retinoic acid, initially found in skin.
  • RARRES1 is a putative tumor suppressor, but its function remains largely unknown.
  • Understanding RARRES1's role is crucial for cancer research, particularly in prostate cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of RARRES1 by examining protein expression changes upon its knockdown.
  • To identify proteins affected by RARRES1 levels in immortalized human prostatic epithelial cells (PWR-1E).

Main Methods:

  • Knockdown of RARRES1 in PWR-1E cells.
  • Differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to separate proteins.
  • Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for protein identification.
  • Western blot analysis for validation.
  • Exclusion of highly abundant proteins to focus on low-abundance changes.

Main Results:

  • RARRES1 knockdown led to the down-regulation of PP2A, an enzyme regulating growth hormone signaling.
  • Impaired autophagy was observed due to the down-regulation of Valosin-containing protein.
  • The tumor suppressor disks large 2 was up-regulated.
  • Ankrd26, a gene associated with poor cancer outcomes, was up-regulated.
  • EB1, a protein critical for mitosis, was down-regulated.

Conclusions:

  • Knockdown of RARRES1 significantly alters the proteome of prostatic epithelial cells.
  • These changes suggest RARRES1 plays a role in regulating cell growth, autophagy, mitosis, and potentially acts as a tumor suppressor.
  • Further research into RARRES1's pathways could reveal new therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
Keywords:
RARRES1Retinoic Acid Receptor Respondertumor suppressor

More Related Videos

Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter11:32

Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter

Published on: March 27, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...