Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
Published on: September 26, 2013
[Cytokines and T cell differentiation in systemic sclerosis]
1Service de médecine interne, CHU Ambroise-Paré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France. salim.trad@apr.aphp.fr
Abstract:
The physiopathology of systemic sclerosis remains unclear within a complex interaction between vasculopathy, perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, extensive tissue fibrosis and auto-immune manifestations. Chronology between vascular disease and adjacent inflammatory cell infiltration is still not yet clarified. There is growing evidence that T cell activation and its cytokine expression play a key role in vascular impairment occurrence and collagen dysregulation. Nevertheless, cytokine descriptions are mainly limited to blood and tissue measurement and the T cells differentiation analysis restricted to the Th1/Th2 balance. The purpose of this review is to establish an exhaustive cartography of cytokines involved in T cell differentiation, regarding the recent advance in T lymphocyte differentiation, including Th9, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T cells (Treg) pathways. This review will focus on Th17, Th22 and Treg differentiation, corresponding to the equilibrium between inflammation and tolerance. Finally, regarding published results in systemic sclerosis, T cells participation appears to be more a Th1/Th2 co-expression than an exclusive Th1 or Th2 polarization. Also, a possible Th22/Treg imbalance is suggested, leading to a Th22 overexpression and likely to tissue inflammation genesis.
Related Concept Videos
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
