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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
10:10

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

Regulatory B cells in autoimmunity: developments and controversies.

Claudia Mauri1, Paul A Blair

  • 1Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK. c.mauri@ucl.ac.uk

Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory B (BREG) cells, crucial for immune suppression, have been extensively studied for their role in autoimmunity and disease. Recent advances illuminate their mechanisms, targets, and function in rheumatic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The concept of regulatory B (BREG) cells, capable of immune suppression, has evolved since the 1960s.
  • Recent research has elucidated key aspects of BREG cell biology, including their mechanisms, targets, and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in regulatory B cell research.
  • To highlight the phenotype and suppressive functions of BREG cells in autoimmunity, with a focus on rheumatic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on regulatory B cells in mice and humans.
  • Analysis of BREG cell phenotype and function in various immune-mediated processes.

Main Results:

  • BREG cells play critical roles in regulating autoimmunity, infectious disease, and cancer responses.
  • Their suppressive mechanisms and cellular targets are increasingly understood.
  • BREG cell function is particularly relevant in the context of rheumatic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory B cells are vital immune-modulating cells with significant implications for autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.
  • Continued research into BREG cell biology offers therapeutic potential for immune-mediated conditions.