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The Spinal Cord

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...

Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.

Skin Cancer

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Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Published on: December 27, 2024

Primary spinal cord melanoma.

Min Soo Kim¹, Do Heum Yoon, Dong Ah Shin

¹Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea.

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

|September 22, 2010

Summary

Primary central nervous system melanoma is rare. This case report details a successful surgical resection of a spinal cord melanoma in a young woman, with no recurrence after three years.

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Dermatology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Primary central nervous system (CNS) melanoma is an exceptionally rare diagnosis, constituting only 1% of all melanoma cases.
Spinal cord melanomas, a subset of CNS melanoma, are seldom encountered, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

A 34-year-old Korean female presented with a two-month history of progressive bilateral leg weakness.
Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified an intradural, extramedullary tumor at the T4 level, exhibiting characteristic signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted sequences.

Findings:

The spinal cord tumor was completely resected and histopathologically confirmed as melanoma.
The patient demonstrated no evidence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and remained disease-free with no recurrence three years post-surgery.

Keywords:

Melanoma Prognosis Spinal neoplasm Surgical treatment

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Implications:

This case highlights the possibility of successful surgical management and long-term survival for primary spinal cord melanoma.
It underscores the importance of considering rare diagnoses in neuro-oncology and the value of comprehensive case reviews for spinal cord tumors.