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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
07:54

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

Published on: October 15, 2015

Multi-phase-field analysis of short-range forces between diffuse interfaces.

N Wang1, R Spatschek, A Karma

  • 1Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers analyzed short-range forces between crystal-melt interfaces in polycrystalline materials. They developed a new model predicting both attractive and repulsive forces, crucial for understanding grain boundary premelting.

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Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy
09:48

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 27, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
07:54

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

Published on: October 15, 2015

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy
09:48

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Materials Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • Crystal-melt interfaces in polycrystalline materials exhibit complex interactions during solidification.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to controlling material properties and preventing phenomena like grain boundary premelting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically and numerically characterize short-range forces between spatially diffuse interfaces in multi-phase-field models.
  • To develop an improved multi-phase-field model capable of predicting both attractive and repulsive interfacial forces.
  • To investigate the influence of solute addition and uniaxial stress on interfacial behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical and numerical characterization of interfacial forces.
  • Mapping multi-phase-field equations to a classical mechanical scattering problem.
  • Developing and applying a novel multi-phase-field formulation.

Main Results:

  • Traditional models predict only attractive forces, while the new model accounts for both attractive and repulsive forces.
  • Solute addition induces bistability in interfacial equilibrium states, dependent on partitioning strength.
  • Uniaxial stress is shown to be equivalent to a temperature change via the Clausius-Clapeyron relation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multi-phase-field model provides a more realistic description of interfacial forces.
  • These findings have significant implications for understanding and predicting grain boundary premelting in materials.
  • The study offers insights into controlling microstructural evolution through solute and stress engineering.