Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Magnetic Flux01:18

Magnetic Flux

The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetic flux imaging in a 3D superconductor integrated circuit.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Increasing arterial compliance by laser modification of fibro-calcific plaques.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2025
Same author

Flagella bending affects macroscopic properties of bacterial suspensions.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2017
Same author

Geometrical vortex lattice pinning and melting in YBaCuO submicron bridges.

Scientific reports·2016
Same author

Large spin-orbit coupling and helical spin textures in 2D heterostructure [Pb<sub>2</sub>BiS<sub>3</sub>][AuTe<sub>2</sub>].

Scientific reports·2016
Same author

Do white matter hyperintensities mediate the association between brain iron deposition and cognitive abilities in older people?

European journal of neurology·2016
Same journal

Tension on dsDNA bound to ssDNA-RecA filaments may play an important role in driving efficient and accurate homology recognition and strand exchange.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Amplitude-phase coupling drives chimera states in globally coupled laser networks [Phys. Rev. E 91, 040901(R) (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Shapes of sedimenting soft elastic capsules in a viscous fluid [Phys. Rev. E 92, 033003 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Attenuation of excitation decay rate due to collective effect [Phys. Rev. E 90, 022142 (2014)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Role of connectivity and fluctuations in the nucleation of calcium waves in cardiac cells [Phys. Rev. E 92, 052715 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Lattice Boltzmann approach for complex nonequilibrium flows [Phys. Rev. E 92, 043308 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Cell Patterning Using Magnetic-Archimedes Strategy
05:09

Cell Patterning Using Magnetic-Archimedes Strategy

Published on: February 2, 2024

Model for dynamic self-assembled magnetic surface structures.

M Belkin1, A Glatz, A Snezhko

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a model for self-assembling magnetic structures at water surfaces. It explains snake formation, vortex flows, and particle self-propulsion, matching experimental observations.

More Related Videos

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design
05:49

Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design

Published on: September 19, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Cell Patterning Using Magnetic-Archimedes Strategy
05:09

Cell Patterning Using Magnetic-Archimedes Strategy

Published on: February 2, 2024

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design
05:49

Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Design

Published on: September 19, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dynamic self-assembly of magnetic structures at interfaces is a complex phenomenon.
  • Previous experiments have observed spontaneous formation of magnetic structures and associated fluid flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a first-principles model for the dynamic self-assembly of magnetic structures at a water-air interface.
  • To explain the observed phenomenology, including structure formation, ordering, and motion.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling the Navier-Stokes equation (shallow water approximation) for fluid dynamics.
  • Incorporating Newton's equations for interacting magnetic particles at the interface.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully reproduces spontaneous formation of magnetic snakelike structures.
  • It explains the generation of large-scale vortex flows and complex magnetic ordering.
  • The model accounts for self-propulsion of hybrid bead-snake structures.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model provides a robust theoretical framework for understanding interfacial magnetic self-assembly.
  • It bridges the gap between microscopic particle interactions and macroscopic emergent behaviors.
  • This work offers insights into designing and controlling self-assembling magnetic systems.