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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

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A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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Chiral magnetic spirals.

Gökçe Başar1, Gerald V Dunne, Dmitri E Kharzeev

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs Connecticut 06269, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A strong magnetic field creates a "chiral magnetic spiral" in certain conditions. This spiral transports charge and chirality currents, potentially explaining fluctuations observed in heavy-ion collisions.

Area of Science:

  • High-energy physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum field theory

Background:

  • Chiral symmetry breaking is a key phenomenon in quantum field theories.
  • Strong magnetic fields can alter the properties of matter, particularly in systems with chiral fermions.
  • Understanding charge and chirality transport is crucial for interpreting heavy-ion collision experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on chiral matter at finite baryon density.
  • To theoretically describe the emergence of inhomogeneous charge and chirality currents.
  • To explore the potential connection between theoretical predictions and experimental observations in heavy-ion collisions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of chiral symmetry breaking in the presence of strong magnetic fields.

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Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

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  • Investigation of inhomogeneous expectation values for charge and chirality currents.
  • Characterization of the resulting excitations as a
  • chiral magnetic spiral
  • .

    • Main Results:

    • The presence of a strong magnetic field induces spiral-shaped inhomogeneous expectation values for charge and chirality currents.
    • This "chiral magnetic spiral" is a gapless excitation that transports charge and chirality currents along the magnetic field axis.
    • Oscillating transverse currents of charge and chirality are induced by the chiral magnetic spiral.

    Conclusions:

    • The chiral magnetic spiral offers a possible explanation for dynamical charge fluctuations observed in heavy-ion collisions.
    • This phenomenon highlights the interplay between magnetic fields, chiral symmetry, and matter at finite densities.
    • Further theoretical and experimental studies are warranted to confirm the existence and impact of the chiral magnetic spiral.