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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Exchange control of nuclear spin diffusion in a double quantum dot.

D J Reilly1, J M Taylor, J R Petta

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Gate-controlled electron exchange in GaAs quantum dots influences nuclear spin relaxation. Specific configurations like (2,0) slow diffusion, while matching exchange to Zeeman splitting accelerates it.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state quantum information processing
  • Quantum spin dynamics
  • Semiconductor quantum dots

Background:

  • Nuclear spin polarization dynamics are crucial for quantum computing stability.
  • Understanding electron-nuclear spin interactions in quantum dots is essential for controlling quantum information.
  • GaAs double quantum dots offer a tunable platform for studying these interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of gate-controlled two-electron exchange on nuclear spin polarization relaxation.
  • To analyze how different charge configurations affect nuclear spin diffusion rates.
  • To explore the correlation between exchange splitting and Zeeman splitting on nuclear spin dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a GaAs double quantum dot system with a small ensemble of nuclear spins (N∼10^6).
  • Manipulated charge configurations ((2,0) and (1,1)) using gate control.
  • Measured nuclear spin diffusion rates under varying exchange and Zeeman splitting conditions.

Main Results:

  • The (2,0) charge configuration, featuring large exchange splitting, demonstrated a reduced nuclear diffusion rate compared to the (1,1) configuration.
  • Matching the exchange splitting to the Zeeman splitting resulted in a significant increase in the nuclear diffusion rate.
  • Gate-controlled electron exchange directly influences the rate of nuclear spin relaxation and diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • Gate-controlled two-electron exchange provides a mechanism to tune nuclear spin relaxation dynamics in GaAs double quantum dots.
  • Strategic manipulation of charge configurations and exchange-Zeeman splitting can control nuclear spin diffusion, impacting qubit coherence.
  • This study offers insights into optimizing nuclear spin environments for robust quantum information processing in semiconductor systems.