Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrative Analysis of Glycosylation-Related Genes Reveals Prognostic Subtypes, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Oncology research·2026
Same author

Multi-omics profiling identifies ACP2 as a lysosome-associated biomarker linked to immune dynamics and clinical outcomes in glioma.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same author

Development and validation of a prognostic model incorporating the blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio for predicting mortality in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Integrative Multi-Omics and Single-Cell Analysis Reveal THOC3 and THOC7 as Oncogenic RNA Processing Regulators in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

International journal of medical sciences·2026
Same author

Single-cell transcriptomics reveal PRRC1 as a malignant cell enriched driver of DNA repair and therapy resistance in glioblastoma.

DNA repair·2026
Same author

Integrative Multi-Omics and Single-Cell Profiling Identify Chitinase Domain Containing Protein 1 (CHID1) as a Prognostic Biomarker in Glioblastoma.

Journal of Cancer·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Membrane receptor for thyroid hormone: physiologic and pharmacologic implications.

Paul J Davis1, Faith B Davis, Shaker A Mousa

  • 1Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208, USA. pdavis@ordwayresearch.org

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|September 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormone

More Related Videos

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Integrin αvβ3 acts as a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormones, mediating nongenomic effects.
  • Thyroid hormones L-thyroxine (T₄) and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T₃) stimulate tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
  • Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a T₄ derivative, inhibits these nongenomic actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antiproliferative and anti-angiogenic effects of tetrac and its nanoparticulate formulation.
  • To explore the role of integrin αvβ3 in mediating these effects independently of T₄ and T₃.
  • To assess the impact of tetrac formulations on tumor growth and vascularization in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cell culture models to assess antiproliferative effects on tumor cell survival pathways.
  • Investigated the inhibition of angiogenic activity by vascular growth factors.
  • Administered tetrac formulations to xenografts of human pancreatic, kidney, lung, and breast cancers.

Main Results:

  • Tetrac and its nanoparticulate formulation demonstrated desirable antiproliferative actions on tumor cell survival genes.
  • These agents effectively blocked the angiogenic activity of vascular growth factors.
  • Tetrac formulations significantly downregulated tumor volume and vascular support in various human cancer xenografts.

Conclusions:

  • Integrin αvβ3 is a key regulator of nongenomic thyroid hormone signaling and cancer progression.
  • Tetrac and its nanoparticulate formulation represent a promising therapeutic strategy targeting integrin αvβ3.
  • These agents exhibit potent anti-cancer effects by inhibiting proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth.