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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance
Published on: February 13, 2026
Transmission electron microscopy of cartilage and bone
1Shriners Hospitals for Children, Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
Abstract:
This review of cartilage microscopy is restricted to a brief description of the major molecular components in cartilage and bone and an in-depth discussion of methods for the preparation of these tissues for examination by transmission electron microscopy. Included within are simple methods for the isolation of cartilage-specific macromolecules, methods for immunoidentification of tissue components, bone decalcification protocols, and fixative recipes designed to stabilize cells and proteoglycan within the cartilage matrix. A discussion of cartilage prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF)/freeze substitution (FS) is also presented.
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