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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

Osteoarthritis.

Janice Charles¹, Lisa Valenti, Helena Britt

¹Australian GP Statistics & Classification Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales.

Australian Family Physician

|September 30, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoarthritis management occurred in primary care settings at a rate of 2.9 per 100 visits. This equates to approximately 3.4 million annual national encounters for osteoarthritis care.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

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Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis

Published on: October 20, 2022

Area of Science:

General Practice
Health Services Research

Background:

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent condition impacting millions annually.
Understanding its management in primary care is crucial for resource allocation and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the incidence of osteoarthritis management within general practice.
To estimate the national frequency of osteoarthritis encounters in primary care.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) program.
Retrospective review of patient encounters from April 2009 to March 2010.

Main Results:

Osteoarthritis was managed in 2.9 out of every 100 general practice encounters.
This represents an estimated 3.4 million national encounters for osteoarthritis annually.

Conclusions:

Osteoarthritis represents a significant burden on primary care services.
Findings highlight the need for effective and efficient management strategies in general practice.