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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...

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Related Experiment Videos

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Christina Boros1, Ben Whitehead

  • 1Discipline of Paediatrics, The Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, University of Adelaide, South Australia. christina.boros@adelaide.edu.au

Australian Family Physician
|September 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) requires prompt recognition and management by general practitioners to prevent long-term disability. Early detection and a multidisciplinary approach are key to improving outcomes for affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • General Practice
  • Clinical Guidelines

Background:

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common childhood rheumatic disease, affecting 1 in 500 children.
  • Despite advances, significant long-term morbidity persists in JIA patients.
  • Recent guidelines offer practical support for general practitioners in managing JIA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline clinical manifestations, assessment, and complication detection in JIA.
  • To detail treatment options and monitoring requirements for JIA.
  • To support general practitioners in providing best-practice care for JIA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recently published guidelines from The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.
  • Synthesis of information on JIA classification, clinical presentation, and extra-articular manifestations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Summary of current treatment modalities and multidisciplinary management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Early JIA detection relies on understanding subtypes, clinical signs, and investigations.
    • Key extra-articular manifestations include uveitis and growth disturbances.
    • Treatment involves NSAIDs, methotrexate, biologics, and corticosteroids.

    Conclusions:

    • General practice is crucial for early JIA detection, initial management, and ongoing monitoring.
    • Multidisciplinary care can prevent long-term sequelae, though approximately 50% of patients remain active into adulthood.
    • Adherence to guidelines ensures optimal care and prevents lifelong disability.