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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

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Published on: January 25, 2016

Hypothyroid-associated sensorineuronal deafness.

D M Comer1, E M McConnell

  • 1Craigavon Area Hospital Group Trust, 68 Lurgan Road, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK.

Irish Journal of Medical Science
|September 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study shows hormone replacement therapy can reverse hearing loss caused by hypothyroidism in patients with panhypopituitarism. The findings suggest central nervous system effects are responsible for this specific type of hearing impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Panhypopituitarism is a complex endocrine disorder.
  • Hypothyroidism can lead to various systemic complications, including hearing impairment.
  • The link between endocrine dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss requires further investigation.

Observation:

  • A male patient presented with panhypopituitarism and significant hearing loss attributed to hypothyroidism.
  • The hearing impairment was sensorineural in nature.
  • The patient experienced subjective and audiological improvements following thyroxine hormone replacement therapy.

Findings:

  • The study highlights a reversible sensorineural hearing loss associated with hypothyroidism in the context of panhypopituitarism.
  • Thyroxine administration led to the resolution of hearing deficits.
  • Evidence suggests central auditory pathway pathology, specifically affecting the eighth cranial nerve, as the likely cause.

Implications:

  • Hormone replacement therapy may be a viable treatment for specific types of hearing loss in endocrine disorders.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering endocrine evaluation in patients with unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and long-term prognosis of hypothyroid-induced deafness.