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A method to evaluate the dose increase in CT with iodinated contrast medium.

Ernesto Amato¹, Domenico Lizio, Nicola Settineri

¹Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Messina, Italy. eamato@unime.it

Medical Physics

|October 1, 2010

Summary

This study introduces a method to calculate radiation dose increases from iodinated contrast media in CT scans. The findings show significant dose rises in organs like kidneys and thyroid after contrast administration.

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiological Imaging
Radiation Dosimetry

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) scans often use iodinated contrast media to enhance image quality.
The presence of contrast media can alter radiation absorption, potentially increasing patient dose.
Quantifying this dose increase is crucial for radiation safety and protocol optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a method for calculating the relative dose increase in CT scans due to iodinated contrast media.
To establish a correlation between Hounsfield Unit (HU) increments and dose increases in specific organs.
To assess the dose increase in organs such as the thyroid, liver, spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

Main Methods:

Utilized GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations with anthropomorphic phantoms.
Performed experimental measurements of HU increments for known contrast concentrations on a Siemens Sensation 16 CT scanner.
Correlated HU increments with relative dose increases using simulation and experimental data.
Applied the developed method to analyze dose increases in three patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT scans.

Main Results:

GEANT4 simulations were validated against literature data and experimental measurements.
Relative dose increases were quantified as a function of iodine concentration and HU increment.
Average relative dose increases in patients ranged from 22% (liver) to 74% (kidneys).
Significant dose increases were observed in the spleen (34%), pancreas (28%), and thyroid (48%).

Conclusions:

A straightforward method was developed to evaluate dose increases from iodinated contrast media in CT scans based on HU changes.
This method can aid in assessing total patient dose, especially in protocols with multiple contrast-enhanced scans.
The findings support potential optimizations of clinical CT protocols to manage radiation exposure.