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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions03:03

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization
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Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Published on: December 25, 2017

Dissolution-accompanied aggregation kinetics of silver nanoparticles.

Xuan Li1, John J Lenhart, Harold W Walker

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|October 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silver nanoparticles aggregate differently based on electrolyte type and concentration, influenced by dissolution and Ag2O coating. These findings are crucial for understanding nanoparticle environmental fate.

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Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A &ldquo;Green&rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles
12:47

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Published on: October 4, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used, necessitating an understanding of their environmental behavior.
  • The aggregation and dissolution of AgNPs in aquatic systems are critical factors influencing their environmental fate and potential toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize bare silver nanoparticles and characterize their properties.
  • To investigate the aggregation kinetics and critical coagulation concentrations of AgNPs in various electrolyte solutions.
  • To examine the influence of electrolyte type, concentration, and dissolution on AgNP aggregation, considering the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of bare silver nanoparticles (82 ± 1.3 nm) using D-maltose reduction.
  • Characterization of AgNP morphology, crystalline structure, UV-vis spectrum, and electrophoretic mobility.
  • Dynamic light scattering to measure aggregation kinetics and determine critical coagulation concentrations in NaCl, NaNO3, and CaCl2 solutions.
  • Investigation of AgNP aggregation in the presence of Nordic aquatic fulvic acid.

Main Results:

  • Critical coagulation concentrations were determined: 30 mM for NaNO3, 40 mM for NaCl, and 2 mM for CaCl2.
  • Silver nanoparticles exhibited dissolution in all tested electrolytes, forming an Ag2O coating layer.
  • Chloride ions induced secondary AgCl precipitation, forming a coating that incorporated AgNPs.
  • Aggregation behavior was consistent with DLVO theory despite nanoparticle dissolution.
  • The presence of fulvic acid had minimal impact on AgNP aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • Electrolyte type and concentration significantly influence AgNP aggregation and dissolution.
  • The observed aggregation patterns align with classical DLVO theory, even with dissolution effects.
  • These findings provide essential data for predicting the environmental fate of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments.