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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Atomic-Scale Displacement in Ordered SmMnO3 Nanoislands.

Junyue Han1,2, Yubo Ma1, Ning Chen1

  • 1Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center; and Electron Microscopy Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 2, 2026
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Epitaxial strain in samarium manganite (SmMnO3) nanoislands influences multiferroicity by altering atomic structures. This study reveals how strain impacts bond angles and lengths, providing insights into structural polar behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Multiferroicity in orthorhombic RMnO3 is sensitive to epitaxial strain.
  • Strain modulates Mn-O-Mn bond angles and Mn-O bond lengths, affecting magnetic and ferroelectric interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the atomic structure of SmMnO3 nanoislands on SrTiO3.
  • To quantify strain gradients and polar displacements at the atomic scale.
  • To understand the relationship between structure and polar behavior in SmMnO3.

Main Methods:

  • High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) and annular bright-field (ABF) imaging.
  • Atomic-resolution energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
  • Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).

Main Results:

  • Quantified lattice constants, strain gradients, and polar displacements (4.26–20.47 pm).
  • Observed Mn-O bond shortening and Mn-O-Mn angle enlargement under in-plane compression.
  • Revealed uniform oxygen vacancies and mixed Mn valence states (Mn3+/Mn2+).

Conclusions:

  • Atomic-scale strain significantly impacts the structural polar behavior of SmMnO3.
  • Strain-induced structural changes are crucial for understanding multiferroicity.
  • Findings guide future functional applications of SmMnO3 nanoislands.