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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Brain MRI abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica.

Fei Wang¹, Yaou Liu, Yunyun Duan

¹Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, 45 Chang-Chun St, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100053, People's Republic of China. feiwang1973@gmail.com

European Journal of Radiology

|October 2, 2010

Summary

Brain MRIs are often normal in neuromyelitis optica (NMO), but specific lesions in the hypothalamus, brainstem, or periventricle indicate NMO. These areas correlate with aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) localization.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroimaging
Immunology

Background:

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system.
Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) is a key water channel protein implicated in NMO pathogenesis.
Brain MRI findings in NMO require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore brain MRI findings in patients diagnosed with NMO.
To correlate specific brain lesion locations with aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) distribution.

Main Methods:

Forty patients meeting Wingerchuk et al. (2006) NMO criteria underwent neurological examination and MRI (brain and spinal cord).
Brain MRIs were categorized as normal, nonspecific, multiple sclerosis-like, or typical NMO lesions.
Typical lesions were defined as confluent lesions in high AQP-4 regions.

Main Results:

Brain MRI lesions were identified in 25% of NMO patients.
Hypothalamus, brainstem, or periventricle lesions were observed in 10% of patients.
Nonspecific lesions (15%) and multiple sclerosis-like lesions (5%) were also noted.

Conclusions:

Brain MRI is frequently normal in NMO, and negative findings do not rule out the diagnosis.
Lesions in the hypothalamus, brainstem, or periventricle are indicative of NMO.
These characteristic lesions align with high AQP-4 expression areas in the brain.