Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
Published on: May 11, 2020
The safe management of anesthesia, sedation, and pain in plastic surgery
Thomas A Mustoe1, Donald W Buck, Donald H Lalonde
1Chicago, Ill.; and Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dalhousie University.
Learning Objectives:
After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the basic fundamentals of conscious sedation and deep sedation techniques. 2. Describe the basic principles of effective local anesthesia, as well as the "wide awake approach" and monitored anesthesia care. 3. Describe current methods for achieving postoperative pain control. 4. Evaluate and manage postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Summary:
This article reviews the basic fundamentals of sedational anesthetic techniques. In addition, current concepts on local anesthesia administration are reviewed, including a description of newer techniques to allow for wide awake surgery. A brief review of postoperative pain management, and the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting, is also included.
Related Concept Videos
General Anesthesia: Overview
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Stages of General Anesthesia
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
