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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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Polarization-selective volume holograms: general design.

Y T Huang

    Applied Optics
    |October 2, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the design of polarization-selective volume holograms, calculating necessary parameters for efficient operation. Fabricated holographic elements demonstrate suitability for optical switching and data storage applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Holography
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Volume holograms offer unique polarization-selective properties.
    • Designing these holograms requires precise control over diffraction angles and refractive index modulation.
    • Applications in optical networks and data storage necessitate efficient polarization-selective elements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a general design methodology for polarization-selective volume holograms.
    • To define and utilize an effective index modulation parameter for design calculations.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of these holographic elements through fabrication and testing.

    Main Methods:

    • Detailed theoretical design of polarization-selective volume holograms.
    • Calculation of required diffraction angles and effective index modulation.
    • Fabrication of substrate-mode grating pairs for experimental verification.
    • Testing at various operating wavelengths (780, 830, 1050, 1300, 1550 nm).

    Main Results:

    • A comprehensive design approach for polarization-selective volume holograms is presented.
    • The effective index modulation parameter is defined and applied for calculating necessary material properties.
    • Design examples for multiple operating wavelengths are provided.
    • Successful fabrication of polarization-selective substrate-mode gratings at 780 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented design methodology enables the creation of highly polarization-selective volume holograms.
    • These holographic elements are viable for advanced optical systems.
    • The findings support the use of these elements in optical switching networks and magneto-optic data storage.