Double-ion-exchange process in glass for the fabrication of computer-generated waveguide holograms

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

J Saarinen, S Honkanen, S I Najafi

    Applied Optics
    |October 2, 2010
    PubMed

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    Ion Exchange01:17

    Ion Exchange

    Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...