Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbial Interactions: Cooperation01:26

Microbial Interactions: Cooperation

Microbial cooperation involves beneficial interactions in which different species work together for individual or mutual advantage. These interactions can profoundly influence ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and they are essential to many pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.Nematode–Bacteria CooperationA striking example is the relationship between the Gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Juvenile nematodes...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
Ecological Niches02:02

Ecological Niches

All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.Multiple species cannot occupy the exact same niche within their habitat. If the niches of two or more species overlap to a large extent, the competitive exclusion principle dictates that one species will outcompete the other, forcing it to...
Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...
Altruism01:03

Altruism

Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Parasitoid Insect Venom Proteins: Identification, Functions, Evolution, and Biocontrol Potential-Lessons from Hymenoptera and Open Questions in the Coleopteran Ectoparasitoid <i>Dastarcus helophoroides</i>.

Insects·2026
Same author

One-Dimensional Brownian Motion on Unpatterned Two-Dimensional Crystal Surfaces.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Rolling Up Transition Metal Chalcogenides/Oxide Heterostructures Enables Polarity-Tunable and High-Switchable Memristors.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Spectrally Selective Daytime Radiative Cooling Coating.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Genomic characterization and molecular evolutionary relationship of a recombinant porcine deltacoronavirus strain isolated in 2016.

Virology·2026
Same author

3D interconnected periodic carbon-tube membrane enabled self-cleaning solar brine treatment and autonomous salt production.

National science review·2026
Same journal

An integrative model of FGF2-induced signaling and muscle cell proliferation.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

A Hybrid Reaction-Diffusion and Mechanical Stimulus Model for Mandibular Bone Remodeling under Chewing and Vibratory Loading.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Integrated tick management strategies in fragmented peridomestic environments.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Joint likelihood-free inference of the number of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms and their selection coefficients in an evolving population.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Misspecification of the generation time distribution and its impact on R<sub>t</sub> estimates in structured populations.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Stability-driven assembly meets Prigoginian informational dissipation. A mean-field ODE comment of entropy reduction and emergent proto-self.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Individual Culturing of Tigriopus Copepods and Quantitative Analysis of Their Mate-guarding Behavior
06:24

Individual Culturing of Tigriopus Copepods and Quantitative Analysis of Their Mate-guarding Behavior

Published on: September 26, 2018

Persistent cooperators in nature.

Xinsheng Liu1, Wanlin Guo

  • 1Institute of Nanoscience, Academy of Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China. xsliu@nuaa.edu.cn

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|October 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent cooperators, who pay extra to gain their fair share of contributions, can act as costly punishers. This explains the origin of costly punishment behavior even under compulsory participation, driven by a selfish incentive to retrieve deserved payoffs.

More Related Videos

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
08:16

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

The Large-Scale Cultivation of Nematodes to Study Their Collective Behaviors
03:32

The Large-Scale Cultivation of Nematodes to Study Their Collective Behaviors

Published on: August 25, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Individual Culturing of Tigriopus Copepods and Quantitative Analysis of Their Mate-guarding Behavior
06:24

Individual Culturing of Tigriopus Copepods and Quantitative Analysis of Their Mate-guarding Behavior

Published on: September 26, 2018

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
08:16

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

The Large-Scale Cultivation of Nematodes to Study Their Collective Behaviors
03:32

The Large-Scale Cultivation of Nematodes to Study Their Collective Behaviors

Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary game theory
  • Social behavior
  • Economics

Background:

  • Cooperation and costly punishment are key to human societies.
  • The evolution of costly punishment under compulsory participation remains unclear.
  • Motivations behind punishment are debated (selfish vs. altruistic).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the emergence of costly punishment under compulsory participation.
  • To investigate the motivations behind punishment.
  • To explain the origin of persistent cooperators.

Main Methods:

  • A public goods game model was developed.
  • The model incorporates a portion of the public good distributed to contributors who pay a second cost.
  • Analysis of conditions for persistent cooperators (PC) to emerge and act as punishers.

Main Results:

  • Persistent cooperators can emerge and function as costly punishers under compulsory participation.
  • This provides a theoretical basis for the origin of costly punishment as a selfish incentive to retrieve deserved payoffs.
  • Persistent cooperators can thrive, suggesting a norm of 'contributing more and gaining more'.

Conclusions:

  • Costly punishment may originate from a selfish desire to reclaim contributions.
  • Compulsory participation does not preclude the evolution of costly punishment.
  • The model supports a simple norm promoting cooperation: higher contribution leads to higher reward.