Site-specific biomolecule labeling with gold clusters
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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications
Published on: March 22, 2020
Christopher J Ackerson1, Richard D Powell, James F Hainfeld
1Colorado State University, Department of Chemistry, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Abstract:
Site-specific labeling of biomolecules in vitro with gold clusters can enhance the information content of electron cryomicroscopy experiments. This chapter provides a practical overview of well-established techniques for forming biomolecule/gold cluster conjugates. Three bioconjugation chemistries are covered: linker-mediated bioconjugation, direct gold-biomolecule bonding, and coordination-mediated bonding of nickel(II) nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-derivatized gold clusters to polyhistidine (His)-tagged proteins.
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