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Dipole source encoding and tracking by the goldfish auditory system.

Sheryl Coombs¹, Richard R Fay, Andreas Elepfandt

¹Department of Biological Sciences and JP Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA. scoombs@bgsu.edu

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|October 5, 2010

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Goldfish use the anterior swimbladder chamber (ASB) and Weberian ossicles to detect low-frequency sounds via the saccule. This pathway dominates hearing and is modulated by sound source location relative to the ASB.

Area of Science:

Ichthyology
Bioacoustics
Neuroscience

Background:

Goldfish possess Weberian ossicles connecting the inner ear's saccule to the anterior swimbladder chamber (ASB).
This linkage enhances sound-pressure sensitivity, particularly at higher frequencies (600-2000 Hz).
Limited knowledge exists on the ASB's impact on other otolithic organs and auditory response modulation by source location.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the anterior swimbladder chamber (ASB) in auditory perception in goldfish.
To determine how auditory responses are modulated by the location and orientation of a sound source relative to the ASB.
To differentiate the roles of the saccule and lagena in processing auditory information mediated by the ASB.

Main Methods:

Measured saccular and lagenar nerve fiber responses in goldfish.

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Assessed conditioned behavioral responses to a 50 Hz vibrating sphere (dipole) source.

Manipulated the dipole's location and orientation relative to the ASB.

Investigated the effect of ASB deflation on neural and behavioral responses.

Main Results:

Saccular nerve activity and behavioral responses closely matched hydrophone measurements positioned at the ASB.
Lagenar nerve fiber responses could not be predicted by ASB pressure inputs.
Deflating the ASB abolished saccular spatial response patterns but not lagenar ones.
The ASB-saccule pathway effectively mediated responses down to 50 Hz.

Conclusions:

The lagena does not process auditory information via ASB-mediated pressure.
The ASB-saccule pathway is crucial for behavioral auditory responsiveness, even at low frequencies (50 Hz).
Auditory perception is significantly modulated by the dipole's position and orientation relative to the ASB.