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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Older patients.

Lisa Valenti¹, Helena Britt

¹Australian GP Statistics & Classification Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales.

Australian Family Physician

|October 5, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Australia

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Public Health
Gerontology
Epidemiology

Background:

Australia's population is aging, with a notable increase in individuals aged 65 years and over between 2001 and 2009.
This demographic shift presents significant challenges for the Australian public health system.
The aging population trend necessitates proactive health system planning and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the trend of population aging in Australia.
To assess the impact of the aging population on healthcare utilization.
To quantify the increase in healthcare encounters by older adults.

Main Methods:

Utilized Australian population data from 2001 and 2009 to determine the proportion of the elderly population.
Analyzed data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) program.
Compared healthcare encounter data for patients aged 65 years and over between two periods: April 2001-March 2002 and April 2008-March 2009.

Main Results:

The proportion of Australians aged 65+ increased from 12.5% in 2001 to 13.3% in 2009.
Healthcare encounters involving patients aged 65 years and over significantly rose from 25.1% to 29.6% within the BEACH program.
The findings indicate a disproportionate increase in healthcare service use by older Australians compared to the general population.

Conclusions:

The Australian population is aging, with a growing proportion of elderly individuals.
The healthcare system is experiencing increased demand from older patients, highlighting the need for adaptive strategies.
Future public health initiatives must address the specific needs and healthcare utilization patterns of the aging demographic.