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Nutritional disorders in HIV disease.

E Calderón1, M A Ramírez, M I Arrieta

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa.

Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) experience significant nutritional challenges due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Nutritional support is crucial for improving immune function, treatment response, and quality of life in AIDS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Nutrition Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients often face malnutrition due to impaired nutrient intake, absorption, and increased excretion.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection triggers metabolic and immune responses that further deplete body nutrients and weaken host resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the medical literature regarding the nutritional status of patients with AIDS.
  • To emphasize the importance of nutritional evaluation and intervention in the comprehensive management of HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of medical studies published since 1981.
  • Analysis of the complex physiological responses to HIV and opportunistic infections impacting nutrition.

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Main Results:

  • HIV infection leads to fever, hypermetabolism, muscle proteolysis, and altered liver synthesis, increasing nutrient demands.
  • Nutrient depletion in AIDS patients compromises immune function and can negatively affect disease progression.
  • Nutritional support can enhance resistance to infection, improve medication tolerance, and prolong quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive management of HIV/AIDS must include nutritional assessment and therapeutic interventions.
  • When oral intake is insufficient, alternative nutritional support methods should be considered based on patient-specific factors.
  • Optimizing nutritional status is vital for improving outcomes and quality of life in individuals with AIDS.