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Organization of the Brain

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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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Association Areas of the Cortex

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Network-level structural covariance in the developing brain.

Brandon A Zielinski¹, Efstathios D Gennatas, Juan Zhou

¹Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 6, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain network development shows distinct trajectories. Sensory-motor networks mature early, while cognitive networks develop later, with the default-mode network showing unique early maturation patterns in children.

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Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Published on: October 22, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Neuroimaging

Background:

Understanding the developmental trajectory of the human brain's network architecture is crucial for insights into network function and dysfunction.
Previous research has identified adult brain networks using functional connectivity MRI and structural covariance MRI, but developmental patterns remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the developmental emergence of large-scale brain network architectures using structural covariance MRI in children.
To characterize gray matter structural relationships between cortical nodes across different developmental stages.

Main Methods:

Applied structural covariance MRI techniques to 300 children across four age groups (early childhood, late childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence).
Utilized seed regions from eight established intrinsic connectivity networks to map whole-brain structural covariance patterns.
Analyzed gray matter structural relationships between cortical nodes corresponding to functional network architectures.

Main Results:

Early childhood structural covariance was primarily limited to homologous regions.
Primary sensory and motor networks showed early development, expanding in adolescence before pruning.
Language, social-emotional, and cognitive networks exhibited later development with increasingly distributed topologies.
The default-mode network displayed a developmental trajectory similar to sensorimotor systems.

Conclusions:

Brain network development is characterized by distinct trajectories, with sensorimotor networks maturing earlier than cognitive networks.
The default-mode network follows a unique developmental path, maturing earlier than other cognitive networks.
Further research is needed to explore the relationship between functional maturation and structural covariance network topology.