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Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Detection of Neutralization-sensitive Epitopes in Antigens Displayed on Virus-Like Particle (VLP)-Based Vaccines Using a Capture Assay
05:15

Detection of Neutralization-sensitive Epitopes in Antigens Displayed on Virus-Like Particle (VLP)-Based Vaccines Using a Capture Assay

Published on: February 10, 2022

Virus-like particles in vaccine development.

António Roldão1, Maria Candida M Mellado, Leda R Castilho

  • 1Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Apartado 127, P-2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|October 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer a safer, cost-effective approach to vaccine development. This technology is crucial for creating next-generation vaccines against widespread and emerging diseases, with ongoing advancements in production and chimeric VLP applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Vaccinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Virus-like particles (VLPs) mimic native viruses but lack genetic material, offering safer vaccine potential.
  • Several VLP-based vaccines are commercially available (e.g., hepatitis B, HPV).
  • Numerous VLP candidates are in clinical trials or preclinical research for various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of VLP technology in modern vaccine development.
  • To discuss the challenges and implications of large-scale VLP production.
  • To review successful VLP vaccines, clinical trial outcomes, and chimeric VLP advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing VLP-based vaccine literature.
  • Analysis of VLP production, process control, and optimization.
  • Examination of clinical trial data and chimeric VLP research.

Main Results:

  • VLP technology is essential for new-generation vaccines against prevalent and emergent diseases.
  • Large-scale VLP production presents specific technical challenges in upstream and downstream processing.
  • Chimeric VLP technology shows promise for both therapeutic and prophylactic vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • VLP technology is a key platform for developing innovative and potentially more accessible vaccines.
  • Addressing production challenges is vital for the widespread adoption of VLP vaccines.
  • Continued research into VLP applications, including chimeric designs, will drive future vaccine strategies.