Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
History of Microbiology01:28

History of Microbiology

Microbiology, a scientific field dedicated to the study of microorganisms, has undergone profound development since its inception in the 17th century. Its history is marked by key discoveries and technological advancements that have shaped our understanding of life at the microscopic level and transformed medicine, agriculture, and industry.Early Foundations of MicrobiologyThe early foundations of microbiology were built on groundbreaking observations and the development of pioneering...
Production of Antibiotics01:27

Production of Antibiotics

Penicillin, one of the earliest and most widely used antibiotics, is produced industrially by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Large stirred-tank bioreactors ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of liters maintain tightly controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions to support fungal metabolism and maximize antibiotic yield. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, synthesized primarily during the stationary growth phase, which requires a carefully managed...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oral metronidazole versus clindamycin to treat bacterial vaginosis in pregnancies at risk for preterm labor.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Cat scratch disease encephalitis: New insights into rate, clinical features, and long-term outcomes.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Peripartum Infections?

Microorganisms·2025
Same author

Oral Probiotics to Prevent Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infections During Pregnancy-Multicenter Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Nutrients·2025
Same author

Efficacy of Oral Probiotic Supplementation in Preventing Vulvovaginal Infections During Pregnancy: A Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Nutrients·2025
Same author

The effects of power posing on neuroendocrine levels and risk-taking.

BMC psychology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Is chloramphenicol making a comeback?

Orna Nitzan1, Uri Suponitzky, Yoram Kennes

  • 1Infectious Disease Unit, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. orna_ni@clalit.org.il

The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ
|October 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chloramphenicol shows significant effectiveness against Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, offering a potential alternative to amoxicillin-clavulanate due to rising antimicrobial resistance. This old drug may be useful for treating common infections.

More Related Videos

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
07:28

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry

Published on: October 29, 2020

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
07:28

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry

Published on: October 29, 2020

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rising antimicrobial resistance necessitates exploring older antibiotics.
  • Re-evaluation of drugs with historical toxicities is ongoing.
  • Chloramphenicol, once disused, is being reconsidered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility to chloramphenicol.
  • To compare chloramphenicol efficacy with amoxicillin-clavulanate.
  • To evaluate chloramphenicol's role in current clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Collected Enterobacteriaceae and S. pneumoniae isolates over one year.
  • Tested isolate susceptibility to chloramphenicol.
  • Compared susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate or penicillin.

Main Results:

  • 44.1% of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, versus 18.4% to chloramphenicol.
  • High resistance to penicillin was observed in S. pneumoniae (2.1%), with partial resistance in 38.8%.
  • Only 1.1% of S. pneumoniae isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol; none causing invasive disease were resistant.

Conclusions:

  • Chloramphenicol demonstrates favorable susceptibility profiles against key bacterial pathogens.
  • It presents a viable alternative, particularly where resistance to other antibiotics is prevalent.
  • Chloramphenicol may be valuable for treating intra-abdominal and respiratory tract infections.