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Sporotrichosis: an update.

A Bonifaz¹, D Vázquez-González

¹Department of Mycology, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. a_bonifaz@yahoo.com.mx

Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E Venereologia : Organo Ufficiale, Societa Italiana Di Dermatologia E Sifilografia

|October 9, 2010

Summary

Sporotrichosis, a fungal infection, is globally prevalent and often enters through skin trauma. This review covers its epidemiology, agents, and varied clinical presentations, emphasizing accurate diagnosis and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

Medical Mycology
Infectious Diseases
Dermatology

Background:

Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi in the Sporothrix schenckii complex.
The infection typically enters via cutaneous inoculation following trauma, though respiratory routes are less common.
Clinical manifestations vary widely, affecting skin, lymphatics, mucosa, and potentially internal organs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in sporotrichosis, including epidemiology, causative agents, and clinical aspects.
To discuss diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options for sporotrichosis.
To highlight sporotrichosis as a zoonosis with evolving endemic areas and pathogen characteristics.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent aspects of sporotrichosis.
Analysis of epidemiological data, etiologic agents, and mycologic characteristics.
Synthesis of clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

The Sporothrix schenckii complex comprises five distinct fungal species responsible for sporotrichosis.
The disease exhibits specific endemic regions but can cause epidemics worldwide.
Current treatment options include potassium iodide, itraconazole, terbinafine, thermotherapy, and amphotericin B for severe cases.

Conclusions:

Sporotrichosis is a significant zoonotic disease with dynamic epidemiological and ecological features.
Accurate recognition of clinical signs, especially in non-endemic areas, is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
A comprehensive understanding of sporotrichosis is essential for managing this worldwide mycosis.