Recent advances on mycotic keratitis caused by dematiaceous hyphomycetes

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Dematiaceous hyphomycetes (DH) are ubiquitous fungi, acting as plant pathogens, saprophytes, and opportunistic human pathogens.
• Mycotic keratitis, caused by DH, is a major cause of corneal blindness, especially in tropical/subtropical regions, affecting approximately 1 million people annually.
• Outdoor workers and those with eye trauma are particularly at risk, with delayed diagnosis and limited effective treatments exacerbating visual impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the major dematiaceous hyphomycetes involved in mycotic keratitis.
• To emphasize the pathogenicity, diagnostic methods, and current treatment strategies for DH-induced mycotic keratitis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on dematiaceous hyphomycetes and mycotic keratitis.
• Analysis of pathogenicity, diagnosis, and treatment data from existing studies.

Main Results:

• DH are significant etiological agents of mycotic keratitis, a sight-threatening condition.
• Challenges in diagnosis and treatment contribute to poor visual outcomes.
• Understanding DH pathogenicity is key to developing effective interventions.

Conclusions:

• Dematiaceous hyphomycetes pose a significant threat, causing severe mycotic keratitis.
• Improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are crucial to reduce visual impairment globally.
• Further research into DH biology and antifungal strategies is warranted.