Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Trehalose-stabilized micelle-in-microparticles of icariin targeting IL-4 pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2025

Same author

Co-administration of curcumin forms with supplemental iron: a study of effects on iron absorption and intestinal cellular health.

Food & function·2025

Same author

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Nanoformulation Derived from Annurca Apple Callus Extract in an In Vitro Model of Iron Overload-Induced Inflammation.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Spray-dried micellar dry powder inhalation of curcumin for lung-targeted delivery in non-small cell lung cancer therapy.

Journal of microencapsulation·2025

Same author

Inhalable TPGS/DPPC Micelles Coloaded with Curcumin and Icariin for Targeted Lung Cancer Therapy.

ACS omega·2025

Same author

Oxidative stress in a cellular model of alcohol-related liver disease: protection using curcumin nanoformulations.

Scientific reports·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders

Published on: July 26, 2016

Stabilizing protein formulations during air-jet nebulization.

Yacoub Y Albasarah¹, Satyanarayana Somavarapu, Kevin M G Taylor

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

|October 12, 2010

Summary

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) degrades during nebulization. Chitosan formulations protected LDH, retaining over 50% activity and improving protein delivery for inhalation therapies.

More Related Videos

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders

Published on: July 26, 2016

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Protein Formulation

Background:

Proteins are challenging to deliver via nebulization due to degradation.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is particularly susceptible to denaturation during air-jet nebulization.
Protective delivery systems are needed for effective nebulized protein therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a stable formulation of LDH for nebulization.
To evaluate chitosan as a protective agent for LDH during nebulization.
To assess the impact of chitosan molecular weight and concentration on LDH stability and aerosol properties.

Main Methods:

Complexation of LDH with varying molecular weights and concentrations of chitosan.
Characterization of complexes: size, zeta potential.
Assessment of aerosol droplet size and LDH delivery using a jet nebulizer and two-stage impinger.

Main Results:

Highest molecular weight chitosan formed larger complexes with a positive charge (+29.7mV).
Nebulization of unprotected LDH resulted in significant enzyme denaturation and activity loss.
Chitosan formulations significantly improved LDH stability, with >50% LDH recovered and up to 62% retained activity.
Tween 80 demonstrated an additive protective effect when combined with chitosan.

Conclusions:

Chitosan effectively protects lactate dehydrogenase from denaturation during jet nebulization.
Chitosan is a promising excipient for creating stable protein formulations for inhalation.
Optimized chitosan formulations can enhance the delivery and efficacy of nebulized protein drugs.