Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but this inhibition is released...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantifying the Effect of Fat and Protein on the Postprandial Glucose Excursion in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Using an Automated Insulin Delivery System.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same author

The Virtual Diabetes Control and Complications Trial #4: Relationship of HbA1c and Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics with Severe Hypoglycemic Events.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
Same author

Integrated glucagon model for estimation of α-cell responsivity to glucose and amino acids during graded glucose infusion.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Novel deuterium metabolic imaging technique reveals distinct patterns of postprandial hepatic glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy control individuals: a case-control study.

Diabetologia·2026
Same author

Hepatic steatosis in humans is associated with preserved glucagon action on amino acid metabolism.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2025
Same author

Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling of Glucagon Kinetics Assessed Using [<sup>13</sup>C<sup>15</sup>N]-Glucagon in Individuals With and Without Type 1 Diabetes.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same journal

Bridging the Gap - Advancing Microfluidics From Laboratory to Point-of-Care.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Review of Current Advances in Ultrasound Computed Tomography for Medical Imaging.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Gas Embolism: Fundamentals, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Sonogenetics for Precision Medicine: A Focus on Immunoengineering and Genome Engineering.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Current Trends in Ultrasound Wearables: Spotlight on System Architecture.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Diabetes: Models, Signals, and Control.

Claudio Cobelli1, Chiara Dalla Man, Giovanni Sparacino

  • 1Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy.

IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
|October 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomedical engineering has advanced diabetes control through insulin-glucose modeling and artificial pancreas systems. Continuous glucose sensors and new control strategies promise improved automated diabetes management.

More Related Videos

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Control Systems
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Diabetes control is an interdisciplinary field with a strong biomedical engineering history.
  • Engineering efforts have progressed from early insulin-glucose modeling to sophisticated artificial pancreas systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical engineering efforts in diabetes control over the past 50 years.
  • To highlight advancements in modeling, metabolic monitoring, and control strategies for automated diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of minimal modeling and subsequent in silico simulation models for diabetes control.
  • Emphasis on continuous glucose sensors and time-series signal analysis.
  • Examination of in vivo and in silico control strategies and modular system architectures.

Main Results:

  • Development of in silico models accepted as alternatives to animal trials for diabetes control optimization.
  • Continuous glucose sensors offer new opportunities for automated diabetes management.
  • Modular architectures for closed-loop systems, including safety layers, show promise for artificial pancreas development.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering innovations have significantly contributed to diabetes control, particularly in automated systems.
  • The integration of advanced monitoring and control strategies is key to developing a future artificial pancreas.
  • Understanding the interplay between physiology, behavior, and engineering is crucial for effective diabetes management.