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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: July 29, 2015

Reprogramming Huntington monkey skin cells into pluripotent stem cells.

Anthony W S Chan¹, Pei-Hsun Cheng, Adam Neumann

¹Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. awchan@emory.edu

Cellular Reprogramming

|October 13, 2010

Summary

Researchers created induced pluripotent stem cells from Huntington

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Area of Science:

Stem cell research
Neuroscience
Genetics

Background:

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder.
Nonhuman primate models are crucial for studying complex diseases like HD.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from transgenic Huntington's disease monkeys.
To characterize these cells for their pluripotency and disease-specific features.

Main Methods:

Reprogramming of transgenic rhesus macaque skin fibroblasts using Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4.
In vitro differentiation into neuronal cell types.
Teratoma formation assay in immunocompromised mice.
Analysis of mutant huntingtin (htt) aggregate and intranuclear inclusion (NI) formation.

Main Results:

Successfully generated induced pluripotent Huntington's disease monkey stem cells (rHD-iPSCs).
rHD-iPSCs exhibited pluripotency, differentiating into neuronal cells and forming teratomas.
rHD-iPSCs showed HD-specific cellular pathology, including htt aggregate and NI accumulation during neural differentiation.
Upregulation of endogenous Oct4 and Sox2 was observed post-reprogramming.

Conclusions:

rHD-iPSCs provide a novel nonhuman primate model for Huntington's disease.
This model allows investigation of HD pathogenesis during neural development.
rHD-iPSCs offer a platform for preclinical therapeutic evaluation in HD monkeys.