Frequency-modulation mode-locking performance for four Nd(3+)-doped laser crystals

To determine an optimum host for simultaneous short-pulse-width and large-slope-efficiency generation, the performance of Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Nd:YVO(4), and Nd(3+):Sr(5)(VO(4))(3)F [Nd:strontium fluorovanadate (S-VAP)] was characterized under a variety of end-pumped and frequency-modulation mode-locking conditions. The slope efficiency, threshold pump power, and pulse width were recorded for each laser and compared with theory. A figure of merit was defined, yielding Nd:YLF and Nd:YVO(4) as the experimentally determined crystals of choice.