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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Preparing a Mice Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis via a Combination of Caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide Intraperitoneal Injection
Published on: May 10, 2024
Advances in prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis: a mini-review
Theodoros E Pavlidis1, Efstathios T Pavlidis, Athanasios K Sakantamis
1Surgical Propedeutical Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece. pavlidth@otenet.gr
Background:
Early assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis is essential to the proper management of the disease. It is dependent on the criteria of the Atlanta classification system.
Data Sources:
PubMed search of recent relevant articles was performed to identify information about the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.
Results:
The scoring systems included the Ranson's or Glasgow's criteria ≥3, the APACHE II classification system ≥8, and the Balthazar's criteria ≥4 according to the computed tomography enhanced scanning findings. The single factors on admission included age >65 years, obesity, hemoconcentration (>44%), abnormal chest X-ray, creatinine >2 mg/dl, C-reactive protein >150 mg/dl, procalcitonin >1.8 ng/ml, albumin <2.5 mg/dl, calcium <8.5 mg/dl, early hyperglycemia, increased intra-abdominal pressure, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, or a combination of IL-10 >50 pg/ml with calcium <6.6 mg/dl.
Conclusion:
The prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis is largely based on well defined multiple factor scoring systems as well as several single risk factors.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care
Assessment:
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

