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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity in autism.

Jeffrey S Anderson1, T Jason Druzgal, Alyson Froehlich

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, University of Utah, 1A71 School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. andersonjeffs@gmail.com

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|October 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced long-range brain connectivity, specifically interhemispheric correlation, is a key neural mechanism in autism. These differences persist into adulthood, particularly in brain regions linked to autism symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • The cortical underconnectivity theory proposes that diminished long-range functional connectivity contributes to autism's neural basis.
  • Interhemispheric connectivity is crucial for integrating information across brain hemispheres.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resting-state, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) interhemispheric functional connectivity in males with high-functioning autism compared to typically developing males.
  • To identify specific brain regions exhibiting altered interhemispheric correlation in autism across development.

Main Methods:

  • Examined resting-state functional connectivity using BOLD imaging in 53 males with high-functioning autism and 39 typically developing males.
  • Constructed spatial maps of correlation between homologous brain voxels in each hemisphere.
  • Analyzed the relationship between interhemispheric connectivity, autism diagnosis, age, and neuropsychological metrics.

Main Results:

  • Significantly reduced interhemispheric correlation was observed in autism, specifically in sensorimotor cortex, anterior insula, fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and superior parietal lobule.
  • Autism diagnosis was a stronger predictor of connectivity differences than language, IQ, or handedness.
  • While both corpus callosal volume and gray matter connectivity were reduced in autism, they were not directly correlated, indicating distinct measurement aspects.
  • Interhemispheric correlation decreased with age in controls but not in the autism group, and differences were more pronounced in lateral brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Long-range connectivity abnormalities in autism are spatially heterogeneous, with transcallosal connectivity reduced in regions associated with autism-related behaviors.
  • Developmental differences in interhemispheric connectivity in individuals with autism continue into early adulthood.
  • Structural and functional measures of interhemispheric connectivity capture different underlying biological processes.