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Stone Masonry

Stone Masonry

Stone masonry is a construction technique that uses individual stones to build structures and can be categorized into two main types: rubble and ashlar. Rubble masonry uses uneven, naturally shaped stones such as river rocks or fragments from quarries. This method often requires the mason to select and possibly shape each stone to fit the designated space, ensuring a proper build, even with irregular stone sizes and shapes. Ashlar masonry, on the other hand, employs uniformly cut stones that...

Quarrying of Stone

Quarrying of Stone

Quarrying is the process of extracting stone from a quarry, where specialized techniques are employed to remove large blocks of stone safely and efficiently. This process can involve controlled explosions or more precision-oriented methods such as cutting and drilling.
One common method involves using a diamond belt saw to cut large blocks from the quarry face. These blocks can be about 50 feet long and 12 feet high. After the initial vertical cut, drilling is performed at the base of the block.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Systemic sclerosis in a stone cutter.

N Khanna¹, P D'Souza, A Sud

¹Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-29, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

|October 15, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Occupational silica dust exposure can lead to scleroderma-like conditions. This case highlights a manual stone-cutter developing progressive scleroderma, lung disease, and esophageal issues after prolonged silica exposure.

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Area of Science:

Occupational Medicine
Pulmonology
Rheumatology

Background:

Occupational silica dust exposure is a known risk factor for various health issues.
Silica exposure has been linked to interstitial lung disease and connective tissue disorders.
Scleroderma-like disorders can manifest following prolonged exposure to environmental toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of a manual stone-cutter with scleroderma-like disorders.
To investigate the link between occupational silica exposure and multi-systemic manifestations.
To highlight the potential long-term health consequences of silica dust inhalation.

Main Methods:

Case report of a manual stone-cutter.
Clinical evaluation including assessment of respiratory and esophageal function.
Review of occupational history focusing on silica dust exposure duration and intensity.

Main Results:

The patient, a manual stone-cutter, developed progressive systemic sclerosis.
Interstitial lung disease was diagnosed, consistent with silica-induced pneumoconiosis.
Decreased esophageal motility was observed, indicating systemic involvement.

Conclusions:

Prolonged occupational silica dust exposure can trigger progressive scleroderma and associated complications.
Manual stone-cutting poses significant health risks, including interstitial lung disease and esophageal dysfunction.
Early recognition and prevention of silica exposure are crucial in occupational health settings.