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Updated: Jun 8, 2026
07:54
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
[The newer sedative-hypnotics]
Lucia Sukys-Claudino1, Walter André dos Santos Moraes, Sergio Tufik
1Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. lucia@neuromeddiagnosticos.com.br
Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
|October 15, 2010
Summary
Researchers are exploring novel hypnotic drugs beyond traditional GABA-A modulators like z-drugs. New agents target melatonin receptors, serotonin receptors, and the hypocretin system for improved insomnia treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Neuroscience
Context:
- The search for safer and more effective insomnia treatments is ongoing.
- Existing hypnotics include GABA-A modulators (z-drugs) and newer agents targeting melatonin receptors.
Purpose:
- To review recent advancements in pharmacological treatments for insomnia.
- To discuss novel drug mechanisms and their potential applications.
Summary:
- GABA-A modulators (zolpidem, zaleplon, zopiclone, eszopiclone, indiplon) target α1 subunits, though selectivity varies.
- Melatonin receptor agonists (ramelteon, tasimelteon) offer a different approach.
- Emerging treatments include serotonin 2-A receptor antagonists (eplivanserin) and hypocretin receptor antagonists (almorexant).
- Sedative antidepressants are increasingly used for insomnia.
- The potential of other GABAergic drugs is also under consideration.
Impact:
- Provides an overview of the evolving landscape of insomnia pharmacotherapy.
- Highlights novel drug targets and mechanisms for future therapeutic development.
- Informs clinicians and researchers about emerging options for managing insomnia.
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